What is the Capital City of Bolivia?
Bolivia uniquely has two capitals: Sucre, the constitutional capital and seat of the judiciary, and La Paz, the seat of government and executive capital. This distinction is crucial in understanding the political and historical landscape of the country.
Sucre: The Constitutional Capital
City Overview
Sucre, known as the “White City” due to its well-preserved colonial architecture, is the constitutional capital of Bolivia and the seat of the Supreme Court. It is located in the south-central part of the country at an altitude of 2,800 meters (9,200 feet) above sea level. Sucre is renowned for its historical significance, as it was the site where Bolivia declared its independence from Spain in 1825.
History of Sucre
Founded in 1538 by Spanish conquistadors, Sucre was originally named Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo. The city quickly became an important administrative and religious center during the colonial period. In 1839, Sucre was declared the capital of Bolivia, in honor of Antonio José de Sucre, a prominent leader in the fight for independence.
Sucre’s colonial history is reflected in its architecture, with numerous churches, convents, and public buildings that date back to the 16th and 17th centuries. The city’s well-preserved historical center is a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognized for its cultural and architectural significance.
Modern Sucre
Today, Sucre is a vibrant city with a population of around 300,000 people. It is known for its pleasant climate, cultural festivals, and academic institutions, including the prestigious University of San Francisco Xavier. Sucre remains a symbol of Bolivia’s colonial past and its struggle for independence.
La Paz: The Executive Capital
City Overview
La Paz, officially known as Nuestra Señora de La Paz, is the seat of government and the executive capital of Bolivia. It is situated in a deep valley surrounded by the Andes mountains, at an altitude ranging from 3,250 to 4,100 meters (10,670 to 13,450 feet) above sea level, making it the highest capital city in the world. La Paz is known for its dramatic topography, indigenous culture, and bustling markets.
History of La Paz
La Paz was founded by Spanish settlers in 1548 on the site of an existing indigenous settlement. The city was initially named Nuestra Señora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace) to commemorate the end of a civil war among Spanish colonizers. Over time, La Paz grew as a commercial and administrative center, benefiting from its strategic location on trade routes.
In 1898, La Paz became the seat of the Bolivian government, although Sucre remained the constitutional capital. This dual-capital system reflects the historical and political complexities of Bolivia.
Modern La Paz
With a population of approximately 2.7 million in its metropolitan area, La Paz is the political and economic heart of Bolivia. The city is known for its vibrant street life, diverse cultural heritage, and significant landmarks, such as the Witches’ Market, the Plaza Murillo, and the cable car system (Mi Teleférico), which offers stunning views of the city and surrounding mountains.
City Facts
Sucre
- Area: Approximately 1,768 square kilometers
- Population: Around 300,000
- Time Zone: Bolivia Time (BOT), UTC -4
- Highest Point: Not applicable within the city; the city is at 2,800 meters above sea level
- Longest River: No significant rivers within the city; nearby Pilcomayo River
La Paz
- Area: Approximately 1,507 square kilometers
- Population: Around 2.7 million (metropolitan area)
- Time Zone: Bolivia Time (BOT), UTC -4
- Highest Point: 4,100 meters above sea level
- Longest River: Choqueyapu River (flows through the city)
Major Landmarks
Sucre
Casa de la Libertad
The Casa de la Libertad (House of Freedom) is a historical building where the Bolivian Declaration of Independence was signed in 1825. It is now a museum that showcases Bolivia’s struggle for independence and its early history as a republic.
Metropolitan Cathedral of Sucre
The Metropolitan Cathedral, located in the main plaza, is a beautiful example of colonial architecture. Construction began in 1559 and was completed in the 18th century. The cathedral houses important religious artifacts and works of art.
Convento de San Felipe Neri
This convent, founded in the 17th century, is known for its stunning baroque architecture. Visitors can explore its courtyards, chapel, and rooftop, which offers panoramic views of the city.
La Paz
Plaza Murillo
Plaza Murillo is the political heart of La Paz, surrounded by important government buildings, including the Presidential Palace, the National Congress, and the Cathedral of La Paz. The square is named after Pedro Domingo Murillo, a leader in Bolivia’s fight for independence.
Witches’ Market (Mercado de las Brujas)
The Witches’ Market is a unique and colorful market where locals and tourists can buy traditional Andean remedies, potions, and ritual items. It reflects the strong presence of indigenous culture and beliefs in the city.
Mi Teleférico
Mi Teleférico is the world’s longest and highest urban cable car system, providing an innovative and scenic mode of transportation across the city. It connects various neighborhoods and offers breathtaking views of La Paz and the surrounding mountains.
Climate Overview
Sucre
Sucre enjoys a mild subtropical highland climate, characterized by moderate temperatures and relatively dry conditions. The city experiences distinct wet and dry seasons.
| Month | Average Temperature (°C) | Precipitation (mm) | Sunny Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 17 | 140 | 19 |
| February | 17 | 115 | 17 |
| March | 17 | 95 | 20 |
| April | 16 | 40 | 22 |
| May | 14 | 15 | 24 |
| June | 13 | 10 | 25 |
| July | 13 | 10 | 27 |
| August | 14 | 15 | 27 |
| September | 15 | 35 | 25 |
| October | 16 | 65 | 23 |
| November | 17 | 90 | 21 |
| December | 17 | 125 | 20 |
La Paz
La Paz has a highland climate, characterized by cool temperatures year-round due to its high altitude. The city experiences a rainy season from November to March and a dry season from April to October.
| Month | Average Temperature (°C) | Precipitation (mm) | Sunny Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 10 | 145 | 15 |
| February | 10 | 130 | 15 |
| March | 10 | 115 | 17 |
| April | 9 | 60 | 19 |
| May | 7 | 15 | 22 |
| June | 6 | 5 | 25 |
| July | 6 | 5 | 26 |
| August | 7 | 10 | 26 |
| September | 8 | 25 | 23 |
| October | 9 | 45 | 20 |
| November | 10 | 85 | 18 |
| December | 10 | 115 | 16 |
Historical Capitals
Sucre (1839-Present)
Sucre has been the constitutional capital since 1839. As described, it is known for its colonial architecture, historical significance, and cultural heritage.
La Paz (1898-Present)
La Paz became the seat of government in 1898, taking on the role of the executive capital while Sucre remained the constitutional capital. La Paz’s unique geographical setting and vibrant culture make it an essential part of Bolivia’s identity.
Other Notable Cities
Potosí
Potosí was one of the wealthiest cities in the world during the 16th century due to its rich silver mines. Founded in 1545, Potosí played a crucial role in the Spanish colonial economy. The city’s historical center is a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognized for its well-preserved colonial buildings and mining heritage.
Major Landmarks in Potosí
- Cerro Rico: The famous “Rich Hill” where vast amounts of silver were extracted, significantly impacting global trade and economics during the colonial period.
- Casa de la Moneda: The Royal Mint, built in the 18th century, is now a museum showcasing Potosí’s history and its importance in minting Spanish coins.
Cochabamba
Cochabamba is known as the “City of Eternal Spring” due to its pleasant climate. It has played a significant role in Bolivia’s history, particularly during the fight for independence. Founded in 1571, Cochabamba is now a major economic and cultural center.
Major Landmarks in Cochabamba
- Cristo de la Concordia: A giant statue of Christ, taller than the famous Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, offering panoramic views of the city.
- La Cancha: One of the largest open-air markets in South America, reflecting the city’s vibrant trade and cultural diversity.
Country Facts
According to South America Records, Bolivia is a landlocked country in central South America which is known for its diverse geography that includes the Andes mountains, the Amazon rainforest, and the expansive Altiplano plateau. The country is rich in cultural heritage, with a significant indigenous population that influences its traditions and social fabric. Economically, Bolivia relies heavily on natural resources, particularly natural gas and minerals like lithium, which are crucial for its export economy. Despite its wealth in resources, Bolivia faces challenges such as political instability and economic inequality. Its administrative capital is La Paz, which is the highest capital city in the world, while Sucre is the constitutional capital. Bolivia’s unique cultural and natural landscapes, from the Salar de Uyuni salt flats to Lake Titicaca, contribute to its growing tourism industry.
- Population: Approximately 11.6 million
- Area: 1,098,581 square kilometers
- Largest City: Santa Cruz de la Sierra
- Currency: Boliviano (BOB)
- Official Languages: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara, and 34 other indigenous languages
- ISO Country Codes: BO, BOL
- Time Zone: Bolivia Time (BOT), UTC -4
- Highest Mountain: Sajama, 6,542 meters (21,463 feet)
- Longest River: Madeira River, approximately 3,250 kilometers (2,020 miles)
